Mount the file system in Linux

Mount the file system in Linux

Before performing any operations in Rescue mode, you must mount the OS file system.If the disk with the system partition is connected to a hardware RAID controller, use the instructions with partitioning the disk without software RAID.

Disk partitioning without software RAID

1. Boot the server in Rescue recovery and diagnostic mode.

2. Print information about the partitions on the available disks:

   lsblk

   A list of disks with partitions will appear in the response. For example:

   NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
   sda       8:0    0   2.9G  0 disk
   └─sda1    8:1    0   2.9G  0 part
   sdb       8:16   0   160G  0 disk
   ├─sdb1    8:17   0 159.9G  0 part
   ├─sdb14   8:30   0     4M  0 part
   └─sdb15   8:31   0   106M  0 part

   Here sda1, sdb1, sdb14, sdb15 are partitions on the disk.

3. Select the system partition, usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 2, this is the sdb1 partition.

4. Mount the file system:

   infiltrate-root /dev/<partition>

   Specify <partition> — the partition on the disk you selected in step 3..

   The partition will be mounted in the /newroot directory.

5. If the infiltrate-root command does not work, mount the file system manually.

6. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.

7. Log out of the environment after the job is complete. The file system will be unmounted automatically:

   exit

Disk partitioning with software RAID

1. Boot the server in Rescue recovery and diagnostic mode.

2. Check if the system has detected RAID arrays, to do this, display the partition information on the available disks:

   lsblk

   A list of disks with partitions will appear in the response. For example:

   NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
   sda       8:0    0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sda1    8:1    0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sda2    8:2    0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1
   sdb       8:16   0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sdb1    8:17   0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sdb2    8:18   0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1

   Here md0, md1 are RAID arrays on disk partitions.

3. If there are RAIDs in the lsblk output in step 2, skip this step.If there are no RAIDs, run RAID build:

   mdadm --assemble --scan

4. Print information about the partitions on the available disks:

   lsblk

   A list of disks with partitions will appear in the response. For example:

   NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
   sda       8:0    0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sda1    8:1    0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sda2    8:2    0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1
   sdb       8:16   0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sdb1    8:17   0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sdb2    8:18   0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1

   Here md0, md1 are RAID arrays on disk partitions.

5. Select the system RAID array, usually the largest RAID array. In the example in step 4, this is md1.

6. Mount the file system:

   infiltrate-root /dev/<raid_array>

   Specify <raid_array> is the RAID array you selected in step 5.

   The partition will be mounted in the /newroot directory.

7. If the infiltrate-root command does not work, mount the file system manually.

8. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.

9. Log out of the environment after the job is complete. The file system will be unmounted automatically:

   exit

Mount the file system manually⁠

Disk partitioning without software RAID

1. Boot the server in Rescue recovery and diagnostic mode.

2. Print information about the partitions on the available disks:

   lsblk

   A list of disks with partitions will appear in the response. For example:

   NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
   sda       8:0    0   2.9G  0 disk
   └─sda1    8:1    0   2.9G  0 part
   sdb       8:16   0   160G  0 disk
   ├─sdb1    8:17   0 159.9G  0 part
   ├─sdb14   8:30   0     4M  0 part
   └─sdb15   8:31   0   106M  0 part

   Here sda1, sdb1, sdb14, sdb15 are partitions on the disk.

3. Select the system partition, usually the largest partition on the disk. In the example in step 2, this is the sdb1 partition.

4. Mount the file system to the /mnt directory:

   mount /dev/<partition> /mnt

   Specify <partition> — the partition on the disk you selected in step 3..

5. Mount the service file systems:

   mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
   mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
   mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev

6. Connect to the environment:

   chroot /mnt /bin/bash

7. Export the PATH variable:

   export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin

8. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.

9. Exit the environment when the work is complete:

   exit

10. Unmount the file system:

    umount /dev/<partition> /mnt

    Specify <partition> is the partition on the disk to which you mounted the file system in step 4.

Disk partitioning with software RAID

1. Boot the server in Rescue recovery and diagnostic mode.

2. Check if the system has detected RAID arrays, to do this, display the partition information on the available disks:

   lsblk

   A list of disks with partitions will appear in the response. For example:

   NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
   sda       8:0    0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sda1    8:1    0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sda2    8:2    0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1
   sdb       8:16   0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sdb1    8:17   0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sdb2    8:18   0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1

   Here md0, md1 are RAID arrays on disk partitions.

3. If there are RAIDs in the lsblk output in step 2, skip this step.If there are no RAIDs, run RAID build:

   mdadm --assemble --scan

4. Print information about the partitions on the available disks:

   lsblk

   A list of disks with partitions will appear in the response. For example:

   NAME    MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE  MOUNTPOINT
   sda       8:0    0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sda1    8:1    0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sda2    8:2    0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1
   sdb       8:16   0 447.1G  0 disk
   ├─sdb1    8:17   0   500M  0 part
   │ └─md0   9:0    0   500M  0 raid1
   └─sdb2    8:18   0 446.6G  0 part
     └─md1   9:1    0 446.6G  0 raid1

   Here md0, md1 are RAID arrays on disk partitions.

5. Select the system RAID array, usually the largest RAID array. In the example in step 4, this is md1.

6. Mount the file system to the /mnt directory:

   mount /dev/<raid_array> /mnt

   Here <raid_array> is the RAID array you selected in step 5.

7. Mount the service file systems:

   mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
   mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
   mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev

8. Connect to the environment:

   chroot /mnt /bin/bash

9. Export the PATH variable:

   export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin

10. Perform recovery and diagnostic work.

11. Exit the environment when the work is complete:

    exit

12. Unmount the file system:

    umount /dev/<raid_array> /mnt

    Here <raid_array> is the RAID array to which you mounted the file system in step 6.